Moving Null Curves and Integrability

Gürses M., PEKCAN YILDIZ A.

Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, vol.49, no.7, pp.6129-6142, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 49 Issue: 7
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1002/mma.70381
  • Journal Name: Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, MathSciNet, zbMATH
  • Page Numbers: pp.6129-6142
  • Keywords: AKNS hierarchy, Heisenberg model, integrable equations, null curves, soliton surfaces
  • Hacettepe University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

We study the null curves and their motion in 3-dimensional flat space-time (Formula presented.). We show that when the motion of null curves forms two surfaces in (Formula presented.), the integrability conditions lead to the well-known Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) hierarchy. In this case, we obtain all the geometrical quantities of the surfaces arising from the whole hierarchy but we particularly focus on the surfaces of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (MKdV) and KdV equations. We obtain one- and two-soliton surfaces associated with the MKdV equation and show that the Gauss and mean curvatures of these surfaces develop singularities in finite time. We also show that the triad vectors on the curves satisfy the spin vector equation in the ferromagnetism model of Heisenberg.