Research Information System
in: Prognostic and Diagnostic Markers in Diseases, NOVA Publications , pp.71-88, 2026
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by reversible airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and recurrent respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Understanding and identifying biomarkers for asthma has become crucial for advancing personalized treatment and improving disease management. Biomarkers in asthma can be classified into several categories, including inflammatory biomarkers (such as eosinophils, neutrophils, and exhaled nitric oxide), genetic and epigenetic markers, cytokines, chemokines, and molecular mediators. These biomarkers provide insight into disease pathogenesis, phenotyping, and endotyping of asthma, enabling clinicians to tailor therapies more accurately. In particular, type 2 inflammation biomarkers, such as blood eosinophil counts, serum immunoglobulin E (IgE), and periostin, are central to identifying patients likely to benefit from targeted biologic treatments. Additionally, emerging biomarkers in exhaled breath condensates and urine, as well as genetic markers, hold promise for noninvasive monitoring of asthma control. This chapter highlights recent advancements in the discovery and clinical application of asthma biomarkers, underscoring their therapeutic significance and potential in facilitating precision medicine in asthma care.