Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene in Breast Cancer Theragnostics
Nano Theragnostics in Breast Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects, Springer Nature, ss.363-395, 2026
- Yayın Türü: Kitapta Bölüm / Araştırma Kitabı
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/978-981-95-3682-5_11
- Yayınevi: Springer Nature
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.363-395
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Breast cancer, CNTs, Fine-needle aspiration biopsy, Graphene, HER2, Photothermal therapy, Ultrasonography
- Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Recent advances in nanotechnology have brought new horizons in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, particularly breast cancer, which is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among females. The perspective on how two extraordinary materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene, have transformed the field of cancer therapeutics, together with the current approaches used in breast cancer treatment, constitutes the subject of this chapter. The distinctive physicochemical characteristics of graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), their functionalization for biomedical applications, and their roles in early diagnosis, imaging, targeted drug delivery, and real-time monitoring of treatment outcomes in breast cancer are explained in detail. Important examples of breast cancer diagnostic applications include electrochemical biosensors using functionalized CNTs for the determination of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) biomarkers, CNT-based Raman probes for high-resolution imaging of breast cancer cells, and CNT field-effect transistors (FETs) capable of real-time, label-free detection of cancer antigens such as CA 15-3. Graphene and its derivatives also play an important role, such as graphene field-effect transistors (GFETs) for detecting BRCA½ gene mutations, graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescent biosensors for identifying circulating microRNAs (e.g., miR-21), and graphene-enhanced surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) platforms for ultrasensitive detection of estrogen receptors (ERs). This chapter discusses CNT- and graphene-based biosensors and drug release systems, photothermal therapy (PTT) platforms, and emerging personalized medicine strategies and their current challenges and possible future research. The preclinical testing of carbon nanomaterials as diagnostic, detection, and therapeutic agents of breast cancer presents a helpful precedent for oncology, nanomedicine, and biomedical engineering investigators, clinicians, and practitioners.