Turkiye’s Double Taxation Treaties: Cluster Analysis
Contemporary Economics, cilt.20, sa.1, ss.1-22, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 20 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.5709/ce.1897-9254.579
- Dergi Adı: Contemporary Economics
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, Central & Eastern European Academic Source (CEEAS), Directory of Open Access Journals, East & Central Europe Database (ProQuest), Business Source Ultimate (EBSCO)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1-22
- Anahtar Kelimeler: asymmetry, BEPS MLI, double taxation treaties, K-means clustering analysis, two-step cluster analysis
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
This study aimed to investigate the 79 double taxation treaties that Türkiye has signed with various countries and provide empirical evidence of asymmetries among them. The study also highlighted the importance of neutrality in international tax policy; examined the asymmetries caused by varying definitions of concepts and withholding tax rates; and revealed the necessity of BEPS MLI for Türkiye. To conduct this analysis, the treaties were clustered according to six characteristics: (a) taxes covered by the treaty, (b) definition of permanent es-tablishment, (c) definition of royalties, (d) withholding rates of dividends, (e) withholding rates of interests, and (f) withholding rates of royalties. Using both K-means clustering with the elbow method and a two-step clustering analysis, the results revealed substantial asymmetries among Türkiye’s double taxation treaties across these six characteristics. The results should be of particular interest to policymakers and other stakeholders interested in developing treaty standardization protocols.