Adaptive vehicle re-identification via operational attention and multi-part embedding


Ergin H., KEÇELİ A. S.

Computer Vision and Image Understanding, cilt.267, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 267
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.cviu.2026.104743
  • Dergi Adı: Computer Vision and Image Understanding
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Compendex, Index Islamicus, INSPEC, zbMATH
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Attention mechanisms, Multi-granularity embeddings, Operational neural network, Transformer, Vehicle re-identification
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Vehicle re-identification requires representations that simultaneously capture global context and highly adaptive, fine-grained local cues. Yet, current architecture often struggles to combine long-range global context with the adaptive, high-frequency details required to distinguish similar vehicles. Transformer-based Re-ID methods rely on fixed linear projections that fail to model nonlinear, content-dependent appearance changes. In contrast, part-based networks rely on rigid pooling regions that struggle under viewpoint shifts and environmental variations. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a unified Operational Transformer with a Global Fusion Attention Module (OT-GFAM). By integrating operational nonlinear neurons, our method achieves feature-level adaptivity, dynamically capturing complex spectral variations and content-dependent details. Complementing this adaptive feature extraction, we incorporate a geometrically structured Multi-Granularity Part Embedding (GLPE) to enforce spatial alignment. Unlike standard linear Q,K,V projections, our model captures complex spectral features and content-dependent variations directly within the attention computation. Extensive experiments on VeRi-776, VehicleID, and VRU demonstrate that the proposed method achieves strong performance, including a 94.30% mAP on VRU, 91.41% mAP on VeRi-776, and 90.27% mAP on VehicleID (large). These results show that the proposed method offers a robust, computationally practical solution for real-world vehicle re-identification.