Research Information System
Separation and Purification Technology, vol.396, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Extensive research has continued for green extraction of natural color pigments. This study employed vacuum microwave assisted extraction, an innovative extraction technique, for isolating the betalain-rich bioactive compounds from prickly pear fruit (Opuntia ficus-indica L.). Independent extraction variables were optimized by Response Surface Methodology in conjunction with a 3-level Box-Behnken design. Optimal conditions were predicted based on total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total betalain content (TBC). Optimum extractions were achieved at 108.82 mmHg vacuum pressure, 2.47 min of extraction time, 20% ethanol concentration, and a 1/29.42 solid to solvent ratio. At optimal extraction conditions, the TPC, TACDPPH and TACCUPRAC were determined as 7.79 mg GAE/g dry weight, 13.74 mmol TE/kg dry weight, 47.06 mmol TE/kg dry weight, respectively and the TBC reached 715.50 mg betalain/ kg dry weight. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) identified the morphology of extract and antimicrobial activity of the extract obtained at optimal conditions was investigated on Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076), Escherichia coli O157: H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. The quantification of the betalain profile of extract was examined by LC-MS-QTOF analysis in terms of betanin equivalence. Based on these findings, this study demonstrates the potential future of the eco-friendly green VMAE of natural colorant betalains. In addition, RSM highlights innovative approach for improvement of extraction yield of betalain rich bioactive compounds.