Scenario-Based Optimization of Automated Emergency Braking Trigger Time and Systematic Evaluation for Rear-End Collision Mitigation
International Journal of Automotive Technology, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Publication Type: Article / Article
- Publication Date: 2026
- Doi Number: 10.1007/s12239-026-00484-0
- Journal Name: International Journal of Automotive Technology
- Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, ABI/INFORM, Compendex, INSPEC, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Keywords: Anti-lock braking systems, Automated emergency braking, Monte Carlo method, Optimal braking trigger time, Scenario generation, Scenario-based optimization
- Hacettepe University Affiliated: Yes
Abstract
Rear-end collisions are among the most common types of traffic accidents, contributing significantly to road injuries each year. automated emergency braking (AEB) and anti-lock braking systems (ABS) play a crucial role in mitigating such accidents or reducing their severity. The key parameters in designing an effective AEB system are the braking trigger time and deceleration rate, as they determine when and how strongly the vehicle should brake in response to an imminent collision. This study presents a scenario-based optimization framework that integrates the AEB and ABS systems, focusing on optimizing the braking trigger time and determining the deceleration rate based on road friction. A large set of scenarios is generated using the Monte Carlo method to identify the optimal braking trigger time. Simultaneously, road friction is estimated using an extended Kalman filter, allowing the system to adjust the deceleration rate accordingly. To prevent wheel lock-up, a rule-based ABS controller is integrated within the proposed AEB system. The system’s performance is evaluated through simulations under various conditions, including trigger time errors, friction estimation errors, sensor faults, and ABS deactivation. The proposed method is also compared with a conventional three-stage AEB system. Results demonstrate its effectiveness in preventing collisions.