Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The electrical and thermal performances of Lithium (Li)-ion batteries are adversely affected by low ambient temperatures, therefore, considerations for the effects of the temperature are crucial for battery modeling and development of battery management systems. This study aims to investigate the limitations of the commonly used parameters in P2D (pseudo-two-dimensional) Li-ion battery models in literature and to consider the effects of various parameters on the battery's performance at low operating temperatures. The comparison of the results of the charge and discharge experiments performed at -20 degrees C and 4 degrees C ambient temperatures with those of the P2D model show that the electrical and thermal performance of the Li-ion batteries cannot be captured accurately with the model parameters used for ambient temperatures: Therefore, temperature dependency of several parameters such as electrolyte diffusion coefficient, electrolyte ionic conduction coefficient, transport number, activity dependence, and SEI film resistance were considered and assessed at low temperatures. The results show that electrolyte diffusion coefficient and SEI film resistance are the critical parameters having a greater impact on both the electrical and thermal performances of the battery than the rest of the investigated parameters at low temperatures. Furthermore, the parametric study shows that the voltage drop at the beginning of the experiments can be captured only with the incorporation of SEI film resistance into the model. Lastly, the selected parameters are adjusted and implemented into the model as a special case, and it is shown that the modified model, which is more suitable for low temperatures, can predict the experimental results more accurately.