Observed frequency of increased iron indices and associated factors in welders

Hasanli Y. S., ÇAKMAKCI KARAKAYA S.

Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1080/19338244.2026.2671046
  • Journal Name: Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, EMBASE, Environment Index, MEDLINE
  • Keywords: Ferritin, frequency, increased iron indices, transferrin saturation, welders
  • Hacettepe University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Increased iron indices among welders are underrecognized. This study investigated their frequency and associated factors in an observational cross-sectional study including 55 male welders. Increased iron indices were defined as serum ferritin >400 µg/L and/or TS ≥45%. Standard statistical and regression analyses were used. Increased iron indices were identified in 25.5% of welders. Compared to those with normal indices, affected welders had longer employment duration. Iron parameters were significantly higher in the increased group (serum iron 139.6 vs. 93.3 µg/dL, ferritin 498.9 vs. 142.3 µg/L, TS 47.7% vs. 28.9%; all p<0.001). Liver enzymes were also higher in this group. Pulmonary siderosis was more prevalent (64.3% vs. 31.7%; p=0.032) and associated with increased iron indices (OR 3.88 [1.08–13.89]; p=0.037). Use of respiratory protective equipment was associated with lower frequency. Increased iron indices are common in welders, particularly with longer exposure and pulmonary siderosis, suggesting a need for routine monitoring.