Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
2
The Isil Berat Barlan Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul Jeffrey Modell Foundation Diagnostic Center for Primary Immune Deficiencies, Istanbul, Turkey
3
Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4
Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
5
Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
6
Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
7
Center for Infectious Diseases Research (CIDR) and WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Bacterial Pathogens, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
8
Allergy and Immunology Division, Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
9
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10
Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Konya, Turkey
11
Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medical Biology, University of Algiers, Rouiba Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
12
Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tawam Hosptial, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
13
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
14
Department of Medical Immunology, Beni Messous University Hospital Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Algiers, Algiers, Algeria
15
United Arab Emirates University, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
16
Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
17
Institut Pasteur de Tunis and University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
18
Department of Pediatrics, Mansoura University Children’s Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
19
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
20
King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
21
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
22
College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
23
Microbiology Department, College of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Al-Rashed Allergy Center, Ministry of Health, Kuwait
24
Department of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
25
Department of Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
26
Department of Human Genetics, Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
27
Sheikh Khalifa Medical City-Union 71-Purehealth, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
28
Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Bursa, Turkey
29
Department of Pediatric Immunology and Allergy, University of Health Sciences Dr. Behcet Uz Children’s Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
30
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul, Turkey
31
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
32
Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
33
Department of Pediatrics, Mustapha Pacha University Hospital, Algiers, Algeria
34
Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Algeria, Faculty of Medicine, Algiers, Algeria
35
Department of Pediatric Immunology, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
36
Pediatric Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
37
Queen Rania Children Hospital, Amman, Jordan
38
Department of Immunology, Sidra Medicine, Ar-Rayyan, Qatar
39
Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Department of pediatric infectious and immunological diseases, Ibn Rushd Children Hospital, Casablanca, Morocco
40
Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
41
Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait City, Kuwait
42
Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Pediatric Department, Al-Sabah Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
43
Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 1 Blackfan Circle, Karp, Building, Boston, Massachusetts, United State of America
Received 15 June 2022, Revised 7 September 2022, Accepted 3 October 2022, Available online 17 October 2022.
Human inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are a group of 485 distinct genetic disorders affecting children and adults. Signs and symptoms of IEI are heterogeneous, and accurate diagnosis can be challenging and depends on the available human expertise and laboratory resources. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region has an increased prevalence of IEI because of the high rate of consanguinity with a predominance of autosomal recessive disorders. This area also exhibits more severe disease phenotypes compared to other regions, probably due to the delay in diagnosis. The MENA-IEI registry network (MIRN) has designed protocols and guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of IEI, taking into consideration the variable regional expertise and resources. These guidelines are primarily meant to improve the care of patients within the region, but can also be followed in other regions with similar patient populations.
