Ongoing Activity of Toscana Virus Genotype A and West Nile Virus Lineage 1 Strains in Turkey: A Clinical and Field Survey


ÖCAL M. T., ÖRSTEN S., İNKAYA A. Ç., YETIM E., ACAR N., ALP S., ...Daha Fazla

ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH, cilt.61, sa.7, ss.480-491, 2014 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 61 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2014
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1111/zph.12096
  • Dergi Adı: ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.480-491
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: West Nile virus, Toscana virus, sandfly fever, anatolia, Turkey, TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS, CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM, SANDFLY FEVER, BLOOD-DONORS, CENTRAL/NORTHERN ANATOLIA, MOSQUITO VECTORS, INFECTIONS, PHLEBOTOMUS, DIPTERA, EUROPE
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Toscana virus (TOSV), West Nile virus (WNV) and tickborne encephalitis virus (TBEV) are among major viral pathogens causing febrile disease and meningitis/encephalitis. The impact of these viruses was investigated at a referral centre in Ankara Province, Central Anatolia in 2012, where previous reports suggested virus circulation but with scarce information on clinical cases and vector activity. Serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid samples from 94 individuals were evaluated, in addition to field-collected arthropod specimens that included 767 sandflies and 239 mosquitoes. Viral nucleic acids in clinical samples and arthropods were sought via specific and generic nested/real-time PCRs, and antibody responses in clinical samples were investigated via commercial indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIFTs) and virus neutralization. A WNV antigen assay was also employed for mosquitoes. WNV neuroinvasive disease has been identified in a 63-year-old male via RNA detection, and the WNV strain was characterized as lineage 1. TOSV infections were diagnosed in six individuals (6.3%) via RNA or IgM detection. Partial sequences in a 23-year-old female, presented with fever and transient pancytopenia, were characterized as TOSV genotype A. Febrile disease with arthralgia and/or peripheral cranial nerve involvement was noted in cases with TOSV infections. Previous WNV and TOSV exposures have been observed in 5.3% and 2.1% of the subjects, respectively. No confirmed TBEV exposure could be identified. Morphological identification of the field-collected mosquitoes revealed Culex pipiens sensu lato (74.4%), Anopheles maculipennis (20.9%), An. claviger (2.1%) and others. Sandfly species were determined as Phlebotomus papatasi (36.2%), P.halepensis (27.3%), P.major s. l. (19.3%), P.sergenti (8.9%), P.perfiliewi (4.4%), P.simici (2.6%) and others. Viral infections in arthropods could not be demonstrated. TOSV genotype A and WNV lineage 1 activity have been demonstrated as well as serologically proven exposure in patients. Presence of sandfly and mosquito species capable of virus transmission has also been revealed.