Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Clinical Dentistry and Research, cilt.49, sa.2, ss.103-109, 2025 (TRDizin)
Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum dynamic torque and apically directed force generated during the shaping of simulated curved root canals using the Protaper Gold (S1, S2, F1, F2, and F3) and Protaper Ultimate (Slider, Shaper, F1, F2, and F3) systems. Materials and Methods: A specially designed, computercontrolled testing platform integrated with an endodontic motor was used to measure the maximum torque and apical force transmitted during the shaping of curved resin blocks. Resin blocks were mounted on the platform and prepared sequentially using Protaper Gold instruments (S1, S2, F1, F2, and F3 files). The same procedure was performed with Protaper Ultimate instruments. The maximum torque and force values generated during the canal shaping with each file were recorded. Group differences were evaluated using two-way ANOVA, and post-hoc Bonferroni tests. The significance level was set at p≤0.05. Results: The Protaper Ultimate Shaper file and the Protaper Gold S1 file had the highest torque values compared with other files within their respective systems (p≤0.05). Protaper Gold S1, S2, and F1 files showed higher torque values compared with their Protaper Ultimate counterparts, whereas the Protaper Ultimate F2 and F3 files had higher torque values (p≤0.05). The initial files of both systems (Slider and S1) generated the lowest forces, while the highest forces were observed with the F3 files of both systems (p≤0.05). Except for the initial shaping files, the Protaper Gold files produced higher force values across the systems. Conclusion: Protaper Ultimate system showed the lowest values for both maximum torque and force.