Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Surface Modifications of Nanomaterials for Energy, Environmental and Biomedical Applications, Elsevier, ss.213-250, 2026
Surface modification with nanomaterials of electrode-active materials has significantly improved the performance of advanced energy storage systems. Surface modification makes it possible to disperse nanomaterials homogeneously. Using nanomaterials for surface modification in supercapacitor applications leads to better utilization of electrode-active materials. It is explored a wide range of nanomaterials used to construct supercapacitors, such as metals, metal oxides, chalcogenides, carbon allotropes, clay, layered double hydroxides/oxides, phosphates, metallic nanoparticles, graphene, carbon nanotubes, MXenes, silicates, hexagonal boron nitride, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, carbon quantum dots, and conducting polymers. These materials enhance crucial supercapacitor properties such as the energy density and power output, increasing surface area, conductivity, and charge transfer rate of electrode-active materials. The modification of surfaces of nanomaterials not only improves the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors but also aligns with the objectives of renewable energy systems, emphasizing the importance of surface engineering in global energy advancements. The electrode-active materials are modified using various methods, including chemical and electrochemical methods, hydrothermal methods, sol-gel methods, direct coating, chemical vapor deposition, heteroatom doping, surface functionalization, mechanical modifications, annealing-assisted dip coatings, and dual surface modifications. The chapter provides an overview of enhancements that depend on the material as well as various supercapacitor configurations, including electrical double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrids. Several advanced testing methods are required to characterize these enhancements, such as cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge-discharge tests.