Sonographic guide for botulinum toxin injections of the lower limb: EUROMUSCULUS/USPRM spasticity approach

KAYMAK B., KARA M., Tok F., Ulasli A. M., Ozturk G. T., Chang K., ...More

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE, vol.54, no.3, pp.486-498, 2018 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 54 Issue: 3
  • Publication Date: 2018
  • Doi Number: 10.23736/s1973-9087.17.04667-6
  • Journal Name: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND REHABILITATION MEDICINE
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Page Numbers: pp.486-498
  • Keywords: Lower extremity, Muscle spasticity, Innervation, Ultrasonography, Botulinum toxins, INTRAMUSCULAR NERVE DISTRIBUTION, ANATOMIC LOCALIZATION, HAMSTRING MUSCLES, MOTOR POINTS, PATTERN, MONKEY, LONGUS, ZONE
  • Hacettepe University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

The pertinent literature lacks overt technical data for optimal lower limb muscle botulinum toxin injections using ultrasound (US) imaging. Therefore, this guide is prepared for the commonly injected muscles of the lower limb and the pelvic girdle mainly in spasticity. It includes clinical information, anatomical description and explanation regarding the US imaging of several muscles. The figures have been organized to orient the readers on the innervation zones, injection sites, probe positionings and the US images simultaneously.