The Controversy of Drug Hypersensitivity in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis and Review of the Literature.

Tugcu G. D., Emiralioglu N., Yalcin E., Sahiner Ü. M., Dogru D., Sekerel B. E., ...Daha Fazla

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, cilt.33, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 33
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1111/pai.13719
  • Dergi Adı: Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: actual drug allergy, challenge tests, cystic fibrosis, drug hypersensitivity reactions, skin prick tests, BETA-LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS, ALLERGY, CHILDREN, PREVALENCE
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is reported to be a risk factor for drug hypersensitivity. However, there are conflicting data about true prevalence of drug hypersensitivity in children with CF. Methods The suspicious drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) of children with CF were enquired by the European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) questionnaire, and skin tests and/or drug provocation tests were performed according to the established guidelines. Results Two hundred and nineteen children (48.9% boys; median [IQR] age, 8.4 years [4.8-12.4 years]) with cystic fibrosis were included in the study, among which 22 patients with 24 suspected DHRs were evaluated. Most of the suspected DHRs were of non-immediate (n = 16, 66.6%) type, and the offending drugs were amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (n = 7), macrolides (n = 4), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (n = 2), piperacillin-tazobactam (n = 1), pancrelipase (n = 1), and ursodeoxycholic acid (n = 1). Eight (33.3%) of the DHRs were classified as immediate (ceftriaxone [n = 2], ceftazidime [n = 2], meropenem [n = 1], AmBisome [n = 2], and vancomycin [n = 1]). The main clinical presentations were maculopapular eruption (41.6%) and urticaria (37.5%), accompanied by angioedema (8.3%), flushing (12.5%), and vomiting (8.3%). Nine skin tests (with beta-lactam protocol in 6 patients) and 24 DPTs were performed, and none of the skin tests revealed a positive result; however, 2 DPTs with TMP/SMX were positive. Conclusion Actual drug hypersensitivity was demonstrated in 2 of 219 patients (0.9%) with non-beta-lactam antibiotics. These results conflict with previous researches that showed higher drug hypersensitivity rates but are consistent with some recent studies. Allergological diagnostic workup is mandatory in patients with cystic fibrosis in case of a suspicious DHR.