Relevance of Leukocytospermia and Semen Culture and Its True Place in Diagnosing and Treating Male Infertility

Sharma R., Gupta S., Agarwal A., Henkel R., Finelli R., Parekh N., ...Daha Fazla

WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH, cilt.39, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 39
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.5534/wjmh.210063
  • Dergi Adı: WORLD JOURNAL OF MENS HEALTH
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, EMBASE, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Culture, Endtz, Infections, Inflammation, Leukocytes, Spermatozoa, CHLAMYDIA-TRACHOMATIS INFECTION, ACCESSORY-GLAND INFECTION, SPERM DNA FRAGMENTATION, GENITAL-TRACT INFECTION, IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION, WHITE BLOOD-CELLS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, UREAPLASMA-UREALYTICUM, MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES, GRANULOCYTE ELASTASE
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The current WHO 2010 manual for human semen analysis defines leukocytospermia as the presence of peroxidase-positive leukocytes at a concentration >1x10(6)/mL of semen. Granular leukocytes when activated are capable of generating high levels of reactive oxygen species in semen resulting in oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been correlated with poor sperm quality, increased level of sperm DNA fragmentation and low fertility potential. The presence of leukocytes and pathogens in the semen may be a sign of infection and/or localized inflammatory response in the male genital tract and the accessory glands. Common uro-pathogens including Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Escherichia coli can cause epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, or prostatitis. The relationship between leukocytospermia and infection is unclear. Therefore, we describe the pathogens responsible for male genital tract infections and their association with leukocytospermia. The review also examines the diagnostic tests available to identify seminal leukocytes. The role of leukocytospermia in male infertility and its management is also discussed.