EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ADHESIVE SYSTEMS ON SHEAR BOND STRENGTH BETWEEN RESIN CEMENT AND TITANIUM ABUTMENT SURFACES

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yanik i. s., Şahin D., güncü m. b.

Clinical Dentistry and Research, cilt.50, sa.2, ss.111-118, 2026 (TRDizin)

Özet

Background and Aim: This study evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal resin cement to pre-milled titanium surfaces using three different adhesive approaches. Materials and Methods: Forty-eight titanium specimens were obtained from pre-milled titanium abutment blanks and equally distributed into three experimental groups (n = 16) according to the adhesive strategy: a dedicated metal primer (G-Multi Primer), a two-bottle universal adhesive (Tokuyama Universal Bond II), and a one-bottle universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Plus). Prior to bonding, all surfaces were conditioned by airborne-particle abrasion using 50 μm aluminum oxide particles. Resin cement cylinders were prepared using a custom stainless-steel jig to ensure standardized dimensions and positioning. The same self-adhesive dual-cure resin cement (Maxcem Elite) was used for all specimens. Following 24 hours of water storage at 37°C, immediate SBS was measured using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Fracture patterns after debonding were categorized as adhesive, cohesive, or mixed failures. Statistical evaluation included one-way ANOVA and Fisher’s Exact test at a significance level of 0.05. Results: Baseline surface roughness did not differ significantly among the experimental groups (p > 0.05). Airborne-particle abrasion increased the mean Ra value from 0.22 μm to 0.54 μm, with no significant differences among the groups after surface treatment (p > 0.05). Tokuyama Universal Bond II demonstrated the highest mean SBS value (18.53 ± 2.45 MPa), followed by G-Multi Primer (17.32 ± 1.99 MPa) and Scotchbond Universal Plus (16.67 ± 1.97 MPa). There were no significant differences among the adhesive systems (p = 0.057). Adhesive-type failure represented the most frequent fracture pattern across all groups, accounting for 62.5%–75% of failures. Cohesive fractures were identified only in the Tokuyama and G-Multi Primer groups. Conclusions: Both universal adhesives and dedicated metal primers demonstrated comparable immediate bonding performance to titanium surfaces.