Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization, cilt.15, sa.2, ss.202-215, 2026 (Scopus)
This study investigates whether the TIMSS 2019 Computer Use Questionnaire functions equivalently across languages and cultures. Using responses from 8th-grade students in Türkiye, England, and Qatar, we evaluated cross-group comparability with Multiple-Group Confirmatory Factor Analysis (MGCFA) and examined Differential Item Functioning (DIF) via Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) and Poly-SIBTEST. The instrument comprises 11 Likert-type items organized into two factors—Computer Usage Frequency and Computer Usage Self-Efficacy—supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. For the same-culture/different-language comparison (Qatar Arabic vs. English), configural and metric invariance were supported, whereas scalar invariance was not. For the different-culture/different-language comparison (England vs. Türkiye), only configural invariance was obtained, indicating that factor loadings and intercepts were not fully comparable across these countries. DIF findings varied by method: OLR flagged mostly negligible DIF in the frequency items for the same-culture comparison, while Poly-SIBTEST identified several items with moderate to large DIF; in the cross-culture comparison, both methods indicated DIF for most items, particularly within the self-efficacy factor. The pattern of results suggests that linguistic adaptation, access to technology, and differences in technology-related experiences contribute to nonequivalence. We propose revising culture-sensitive terms, clarifying item contexts, and incorporating qualitative evidence to strengthen score comparability in future administrations.