Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Congress: Sport, People and Health, Sankt-Peterburg, Rusya, 16 - 18 Nisan 2025, (Yayınlanmadı)
This paper aims to explain the story of human movement from bipedalism to the acculturation of movement. The ability to walk upright on two legs (bipedalism) is the basis of human cultivation of movement. Thanks to bipedalism, human hands became free, and with the making of tools, the hands became more specialized, sensitive, responsive, and dexterous, and the role of the thumb increased. In addition to the hand's independence, the length of the legs increased by bipedalism, the special form of the true terrestrial locomotion system that allows large strides. Bipedalism is not only an anatomical but also a physiological adaptation. Bipedalism provided increased visibility in savannah areas, which made it easier to see enemies and predators. In addition, bipedalism has enabled humans to make more eye contact with each other and to follow complex gestures and facial expressions. The hands, freed from the locomotion system, have also been enriched by the emergence of new forms of gesture and expression. With the hands freed from the locomotor system, there is thought to have been an increase in the capacity to collect/share and transport food, and for the same reason, the hands became ready to be tasked with the ability to produce and use tools; as a result of these actions, it is appropriate to think that socio-cultural activities and systematic hunting skills increased among human communities. The regular movement of humans is a culturized movement over time, creating play, dance, exercise, and sport. As a result, physical literacy was realized. Physical literacy is the motivation, confidence, physical competence, knowledge, and understanding each individual possesses and uses to sustain lifelong physical activity following their possibilities. Since physically literate individuals have a strong movement culture, their cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development is holistic. Therefore, they are more likely to be successful in sports and mental activities for a long time. In conclusion, the story of increasing the diversity and quality of sports in health, education, and performance results from the holistic development created by the evolutionary process.
Keywords: Bipedalism, history of human movement, sport, holistic development