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Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, vol.36, no.3, pp.1875-1887, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), a promising recent candidate, has attracted significant attention as an electrode material for electrochemical energy storage devices. In this work, V2O5 nanowires (NWs) were synthesized using a simple and efficient hydrothermal method. A composite of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) doped with V2O5 (V2O5/rGO) was also prepared using the same approach. Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based calculations of the structural parameters for both V2O5 and the V2O5/rGO composite indicate negative ground state energies, confirming the thermodynamic stability of both systems. Furthermore, energy–volume (E–V) curve analysis reveals that the V2O5/rGO composite achieves a lower minimum energy compared to pristine V2O5, suggesting improved structural stability due to the incorporation of rGO. The structural and morphological characteristics of V2O5 NWs and V2O5/rGO were examined and compared using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) techniques. Cyclic voltammetry exhibited quasi-rectangular curves with distinct redox peaks for both V2O5 NWs and V2O5/rGO, confirming their pseudocapacitive nature. EIS results demonstrated that V2O5/rGO possesses enhanced conductivity compared to pure V2O5, attributed to the lower resistivity of the nanocomposite. At a scan rate of 10 mV/s, the specific capacitance of V2O5 NWs was measured to be 110.3 F/g, whereas the V2O5/rGO composite exhibited an enhanced specific capacitance of 216.5 F/g. Similarly, GCD measurements showed significantly improved charge/discharge time and specific capacitance for the V2O5/rGO composite compared to the pure V2O5 NWs electrode. The superior electrochemical performance of the V2O5/rGO composite can be attributed to the presence of rGO nanosheets, which offer a high surface area, short ion diffusion paths, and efficient electron transport pathways.