Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Neuroinformatics, cilt.20, sa.3, ss.627-639, 2022 (SCI-Expanded)
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12021-021-09542-7
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536200/
In
the present study, quantitative relations between Cognitive Emotion Regulation
strategies (CERs) and EEG synchronization levels have been investigated for the
first time. For this purpose, spectral coherence (COH), phase locking value and
mutual information have been applied to short segments of 62-channel resting state
eyes-opened EEG data collected from healthy adults who use contrasting emotion
regulation strategies (frequently and rarely use of rumination&distraction,
frequently and rarely use of suppression&reappraisal). In tests, the
individuals are grouped depending on their self-responses to both emotion
regulation questionnaire (ERQ) and cognitive ERQ. Experimental data are
downloaded from publicly available data-base, LEMON. Regarding EEG electrode
pairs that placed on right and left cortical regions, inter-hemispheric
dependency measures are computed for non-overlapped short segments of 2 sec at
2 min duration trials. In addition to full-band EEG analysis, dependency
metrics are also obtained for both alpha and beta sub-bands. The contrasting
groups are discriminated from each other with respect to the corresponding
features using cross-validated adaboost classifiers. High classification
accuracies (CA) of 99.44% and 98.33% have been obtained through instant
classification driven by full-band COH estimations. Considering regional
features that provide the high CA, CERs are found to be highly relevant with
associative memory functions and cognition. The new findings may indicate the
close relation between neuroplasticity and cognitive skills.
CONCLUSION
AND DISCUSSION: The functional
connectivity approaches are as follow: 1. coherence based on power spectral
density estimation, 2. PLV based on phase difference between neuro-electrical
activities generated by neuronal populations at right and left hemispheres, 3.
MI based on statistical alterations throughout time instants in those
neuro-electrical activities, and 4. WCOH based on wavelet transformed
coefficients of those neuro-electrical activities.
Two
groups include the individuals who use frequently and rarely use of both
rumination and distraction (GP1 and GP2), the other groups include the
individuals who use frequently and rarely use of both expressive suppression
and reappraisal (GP3 and GP4). Thus, the groups (GP1 vs GP2, GP3 vs GP4) were
classified by examining Adaboost classifiers with respect to non-averaged
inter-hemispheric connectivity estimations from short-segments of 2 sec as
well as ensemble averaged of the estimations over a trial of 2 min for
27 electrode pairs excluding middle-line sites and reference points as shown in
Fig. 3. The resulting
Classification Accuracies reveal that full-band coherence estimations provide
the most meaningful and discriminative indicators in quantifying
inter-hemispheric neuro-electrical synchronicity in resting state. Besides,
ensemble averaging connectivity estimations over a trial of 2 min did
not provide clear difference between contrasting groups. Due to nature of
ongoing EEG series originated from spontaneous and time-varying brain
functions, it is superior to determine a collection of coherence estimations as
the large number of features in association with consecutive small-windows of
2 sec in a recording interval of 2 min.
GP1
and GP2 were successfully classified with high CA of 99.44%, GP3 and GP4 were
successfully classified with high CA of 98.33% by using Adaboost classifiers
driven by non-averaged full-band (0.5−40.5 Hz0.5−40.5 Hz)
EEG coherence estimations. Regarding the statistical test results and
corresponding EEG recording sites, more cortical regions are affected by
ruminative thoughts by means of inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in comparison
to optimistic thoughts. However, the findings reveal that particular BAs of 2,
5, 6, 8, 9, 18, 20, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47 were commonly found to be sensitive
to cognitive emotion management strategies in healthy adults. The main
functions of these BAs are as follow:
2:sensory perception, motor learning (primary somatosensory
cortex)
5:working memory, language
processing, visuo-motor attention, pain perception, tactile localization, motor
execution, bimanual manipulation, (somatosensory association cortex)
6:memory-language-motor
functions, planning and sensory guidance of both muscle movement and complex
motor movements (premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex)
8:spatial memory,
memory-guided saccades (prefrontal cortex)
9:working memory, planning,
organization, and regulation of motor functions, sustaining attention
(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
18:visual depth perception
through receiving input from primary visual cortex, (secondary visual cortex).
20:visual fixation, identify
intention (Inferior temporal gyrus)
37:processing of color
information, recognition of face/body/word/numbers through visual perception,
(occipito-temporal cortex)
39:speech fluency, language
comprehension, (Angular gyrus, part of Wernicke’s area)
40:speech fluency, language
comprehension, (Supramarginal gyrus, part of Wernicke’s area)
41/2:auditory working memory,
Visual speech perception, (primary and secondary auditory cortex)
47:working and episodic
memory, management of reward and conflict, spoken language, language semantics,
identifying semantics, processing of linguistic information, (orbital part of
inferior frontal gyrus).
In conclusion, overall results reveal that CERs are highly correlated with main associative brain functions such as working memory, visual/sensory perception and cognition. As well, expressive suppression cause decrease in full-band EEG coherence at mostly fronto-central regions. The reason of this findings may originated from lack of experience of positive emotions, since frequently use of SE increases the felt intensity of negative emotions, while reduces the felt of positive emotions, such as happiness as discussed in reference (Gross & Jazaieri, 2014)