Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Neuroinformatics, cilt.20, sa.3, ss.627-639, 2022 (SCI-Expanded)
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34536200/
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12021-021-09542-7
ABSTRACT
In the present study, quantitative relations between
Cognitive Emotion Regulation strategies (CERs) and EEG synchronization levels
have been investigated for the first time. For this purpose, spectral coherence
(COH), phase locking value and mutual information have been applied to short
segments of 62-channel resting state eyes-opened EEG data collected from
healthy adults who use contrasting emotion regulation strategies (frequently
and rarely use of rumination&distraction, frequently and rarely use of
suppression&reappraisal). In tests, the individuals are grouped depending on
their self-responses to both emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) and
cognitive ERQ. Experimental data are downloaded from publicly available
data-base, LEMON. Regarding EEG electrode pairs that placed on right and left
cortical regions, inter-hemispheric dependency measures are computed for
non-overlapped short segments of 2 sec at 2 min duration trials. In addition to
full-band EEG analysis, dependency metrics are also obtained for both alpha and
beta sub-bands. The contrasting groups are discriminated from each other with
respect to the corresponding features using cross-validated adaboost
classifiers. High classification accuracies (CA) of 99.44% and 98.33% have been
obtained through instant classification driven by full-band COH estimations.
Considering regional features that provide the high CA, CERs are found to be
highly relevant with associative memory functions and cognition. The new
findings may indicate the close relation between neuroplasticity and cognitive
skills.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
The functional connectivity
approaches are as follow: 1. coherence based on power spectral density
estimation, 2. PLV based on phase difference between neuro-electrical
activities generated by neuronal populations at right and left hemispheres, 3.
MI based on statistical alterations throughout time instants in those
neuro-electrical activities, and 4. WCOH based on wavelet transformed
coefficients of those neuro-electrical activities.
Two groups include
the individuals who use frequently and rarely use of both rumination and
distraction (GP1 and GP2), the other groups include the individuals who use
frequently and rarely use of both expressive suppression and reappraisal (GP3
and GP4). Thus, the groups (GP1 vs GP2, GP3 vs GP4) were classified by examining
Adaboost classifiers with respect to non-averaged inter-hemispheric
connectivity estimations from short-segments of 2 sec as well
as ensemble averaged of the estimations over a trial of 2 min for
27 electrode pairs excluding middle-line sites and reference points as shown in
Fig. 3. The resulting
Classification Accuracies reveal that full-band coherence estimations provide
the most meaningful and discriminative indicators in quantifying
inter-hemispheric neuro-electrical synchronicity in resting state. Besides,
ensemble averaging connectivity estimations over a trial of 2 min did
not provide clear difference between contrasting groups. Due to nature of
ongoing EEG series originated from spontaneous and time-varying brain
functions, it is superior to determine a collection of coherence estimations as
the large number of features in association with consecutive small-windows of
2 sec in a recording interval of 2 min.
GP1
and GP2 were successfully classified with high CA of 99.44%, GP3 and GP4 were
successfully classified with high CA of 98.33% by using Adaboost classifiers
driven by non-averaged full-band (0.5−40.5 Hz0.5−40.5 Hz)
EEG coherence estimations. Regarding the statistical test results and
corresponding EEG recording sites, more cortical regions are affected by
ruminative thoughts by means of inter-hemispheric EEG coherence in comparison
to optimistic thoughts. However, the findings reveal that particular BAs of 2,
5, 6, 8, 9, 18, 20, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47 were commonly found to be sensitive
to cognitive emotion management strategies in healthy adults. The main
functions of these BAs are as follow:
2: sensory perception,
motor learning (primary somatosensory cortex)
5: working memory,
language processing, visuo-motor attention, pain perception, tactile
localization, motor execution, bimanual manipulation, (somatosensory
association cortex)
6: memory-language-motor
functions, planning and sensory guidance of both muscle movement and complex
motor movements (premotor cortex and supplementary motor cortex)
8: spatial memory,
memory-guided saccades (prefrontal cortex)
9: working memory,
planning, organization, and regulation of motor functions, sustaining attention
(dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
18: visual
depth perception through receiving input from primary visual cortex, (secondary
visual cortex).
20: visual
fixation, identify intention (Inferior temporal gyrus)
37: processing
of color information, recognition of face/body/word/numbers through visual
perception, (occipito-temporal cortex)
39: speech
fluency, language comprehension, (Angular gyrus, part of Wernicke’s area)
40: speech
fluency, language comprehension, (Supramarginal gyrus, part of Wernicke’s area)
41/2: auditory working memory, Visual speech perception, (primary and secondary auditory cortex)
47: working and episodic memory, management of reward and conflict, spoken language, language semantics, identifying semantics, processing of linguistic information, (orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus).
In conclusion, overall results reveal that CERs are highly correlated with main associative brain functions such as working memory, visual/sensory perception and cognition. As well, expressive suppression cause decrease in full-band EEG coherence at mostly fronto-central regions. The reason of this findings may originated from lack of experience of positive emotions, since frequently use of SE increases the felt intensity of negative emotions, while reduces the felt of positive emotions, such as happiness as discussed in reference (Gross & Jazaieri, 2014)