Turkey is host to 1􏰚 species of Tordylium which 􏱠 are endemic and the Mediterranean region is the main distribution area of the genus. 􏱡ne of the most typical features of this family is schizocarp fruits which are composed of two mericarps. The mericarp features such as wings, shape, trichome and vitta have an important role in inter and intra􏰑generic level discrimination of ta􏰘a in the Apiaceae family. 􏰖n this study, we evaluated the mericarp anatomy and morphology of all 1􏰚 species found in Turkey, e􏰘cept T. officinalis. 􏰖n the anatomical analysis, cross􏰑sections were taken by razor blades from the middle part of the mericarp and are stained by astra blue and safranin. Microscopic studies revealed anatomical structures of mericarp provided valuable diagnostic characters in the term of ta􏰘onomy, especially in doubtful species circumstances. The fruits of Tordylium have 2 dimorphic 􏰌T. lanatum, T. aegyptiacum, T. elegans􏰍 or monomorphic mericarps that are hemispherical or strongly compressed dorsally. Generally, each mericarp has 􏰝 dorsal and 2 commissural vittae, e􏰘cept T. apulum and T. pestalozzae. 􏰖n species with uniform fruit the presence or absence of wings, neck length, hair type, margin, dorsal vittae position and their associated characteristics are used as diagnostic characters for the separation of ta􏰘a. 􏰖n addition, we provided species identification key based on morphological and anatomical mericarp characters for all studied ta􏰘a. The mericarp anatomical features are discussed based on the morphological and molecular phylogeny of the ta􏰘a.