2009 EANM parathyroid guidelines


Hindie E., Ugur Ö., Fuster D., O'Doherty M., Grassetto G., Urena P., ...Daha Fazla

EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING, cilt.36, sa.7, ss.1201-1216, 2009 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 36 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2009
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s00259-009-1131-z
  • Dergi Adı: EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.1201-1216
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Hyperparathyroidism, Primary hyperparathyroidism, Secondary hyperparathyroidism, Parathyroid surgery, Tc-99m-sestamibi, Localization studies, Scintigraphy, Subtraction scanning, Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia, Minimally invasive surgery, Gamma probe, MINIMALLY INVASIVE PARATHYROIDECTOMY, POSITRON-EMISSION-TOMOGRAPHY, PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, NUCLEAR-MEDICINE, SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, PREOPERATIVE LOCALIZATION, TC-99M SESTAMIBI, PLANAR SCINTIGRAPHY, CONVENTIONAL SPECT, SURGICAL-TREATMENT
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

The present guidelines were issued by the Parathyroid Task Group of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine. The main focus was imaging of primary hyperparathyroidism. Dual-tracer and single-tracer parathyroid scintigraphy protocols were discussed as well as the various modalities of image acquisition. Primary hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder with high prevalence, typically caused by a solitary parathyroid adenoma, less frequently (about 15%) by multiple parathyroid gland disease (MGD) and rarely (1%) by parathyroid carcinoma. Patients with MGD may have a double adenoma or hyperplasia of three or all four parathyroid glands. Conventional surgery has consisted in routine bilateral neck exploration. The current trend is toward minimally invasive surgery. In this new era, the success of targeted parathyroid surgery depends not only on an experienced surgeon, but also on a sensitive and accurate imaging technique. Recognizing MGD is the major challenge for pre-operative imaging, in order to not direct a patient towards inappropriate minimal surgery. Scintigraphy should also report on thyroid nodules that may cause confusion with a parathyroid adenoma or require concurrent surgical resection. The two main reasons for failed surgery are ectopic glands and undetected MGD. Imaging is mandatory before re-operation, and scintigraphy results should be confirmed with a second imaging technique (usually US for a neck focus, CT or MRI for a mediastinal focus). Hybrid SPECT/CT instruments should be most helpful in this setting. SPECT/CT has a major role for obtaining anatomical details on ectopic foci. However, its use as a routine procedure before target surgery is still investigational. Preliminary data suggest that SPECT/CT has lower sensitivity in the neck area compared to pinhole imaging. Additional radiation to the patient should also be considered. The guidelines also discuss aspects related to radio-guided surgery of hyperparathyroidism and imaging of chronic kidney disease patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.