Ultrasound Imaging of the Facial Muscles and Relevance with Botulinum Toxin Injections: A Pictorial Essay and Narrative Review

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Wu W., Chang K., Chang H., Chen L., Kuan C., Kao J., ...Daha Fazla

TOXINS, cilt.14, sa.2, 2022 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Derleme
  • Cilt numarası: 14 Sayı: 2
  • Basım Tarihi: 2022
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/toxins14020101
  • Dergi Adı: TOXINS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: ultrasonography, cosmetic, face, injection, rejuvenation, ORBICULARIS OCULI MUSCLE, QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY, MAJOR MUSCLE, COMPLICATIONS, SUPERCILII, ANATOMY, CHIN
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

High-resolution ultrasound is preferred as the first-line imaging modality for evaluation of superficial soft tissues, such as the facial muscles. In contrast to magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which require specifically designated planes (axial, coronal and sagittal) for imaging, the ultrasound transducer can be navigated based on the alignment of facial muscles. Botulinum toxin injections are widely used in facial cosmetic procedures in recent times. Ultrasonography is recognized as a useful tool for pre-procedure localization of target muscles. In this pictorial review, we discuss the detailed sonoanatomy of facial muscles and their clinical relevance, particularly with regard to botulinum toxin injections. Furthermore, we have summarized the findings of clinical studies that report ultrasonographic imaging of facial muscles.